There are times when there is a need to negotiate more informally. At such times, when a difference of opinion arises, it might not be possible or appropriate to go through the stages set out above in a formal manner. 

Nevertheless, remembering the key points in the stages of formal negotiation may be very helpful in a variety of informal situations.

Attitudes

All negotiation is strongly influenced by underlying attitudes to the process itself, for example attitudes to the issues and personalities involved in the particular case or attitudes linked to personal needs for recognition.

Always be aware that:

• Negotiation is not an arena for the realization of individual achievements.
• There can be resentment of the need to negotiate by those in authority.

Certain features of negotiation may influence a person’s behavior, for example some people may become defensive.

Knowledge

The more knowledge you possess of the issues in question, the greater your participation in the process of negotiation. In other words, good preparation is essential.

Do your homework and gather as much information about the issues as you can.

Furthermore, the way issues are negotiated must be understood as negotiating will require different methods in different situations.

Interpersonal skills include

• Effective verbal communication.
• Listening.
• Reducing misunderstandings is a key part of effective negotiation.
• Rapport Building.
• Problem Solving.
• Decision Making.
• Assertiveness.
• Dealing with Difficult Situations.